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City councils increasingly view tree planting as a low-cost way to —improveimprovementimprovedimproving air quality and reduce urban temperatures. Streets lined with mature trees also tend to —reportreportingreportedreports lower rates of traffic noise complaints, since foliage helps absorb sound. However, newly planted saplings require years of careful —maintenancemaintainmaintainingmaintained before they provide —substantialsubstancesubstantiallysubstantiate shade or measurable environmental benefit.