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Container shipping transformed global trade by standardising the size and shape of cargo units, which dramatically —reducedreducingreducereduces loading and unloading times at ports. Before containers became widespread, dockworkers had to handle loose freight piece by piece, a slow process prone to damage and theft. Today, enormous vessels can —carryholdcontaincarries tens of thousands of containers, and automated cranes —replacereplacedreplacingreplaces much of the manual labour once required.