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Modern streetlight design increasingly —balancesbalancingbalancedbalance energy efficiency with public safety, since councils must —minimiseminimisingminimisedminimises operating costs while ensuring roads remain adequately lit. LED fixtures are now favoured because they —consumeconsumingconsumesconsumed far less electricity than the sodium lamps they replace, and their directional output —reducesreducereducingreduced light pollution by focusing illumination onto the carriageway rather than the surrounding sky.