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Night-shift work has long been associated with fatigue, but researchers increasingly link it to more specific and longer-lasting health effects. Disruption to the body's internal circadian clock, which governs hormone release and body temperature alongside the sleep-wake cycle, appears to be the central mechanism, rather than sleep loss alone. Studies following shift workers over many years have found elevated rates of metabolic conditions such as insulin resistance, likely because eating during the body's biological night interferes with normal glucose processing. Not all night-shift workers face equal risk, however; those who maintain a consistent schedule, even an unusual one, tend to fare better than those rotating irregularly between day and night shifts, since rotation prevents the circadian clock from ever fully adjusting. Some employers have begun redesigning rotation patterns based on this evidence, though widespread adoption remains slow.