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Ferry electrification has advanced more quickly than electrification in other maritime sectors, largely because many ferry routes are short, fixed, and predictable. A ferry travelling the same few kilometres between two docks multiple times a day can be fitted with a battery sized precisely for that distance, then recharged rapidly while passengers board and disembark. This predictability contrasts sharply with cargo shipping, where vessels may cross oceans on variable schedules, making battery capacity planning far more difficult. Norway, with its extensive network of coastal and fjord crossings, has become a leader in the field, operating numerous fully electric ferries. Even so, electrification remains costly upfront, since charging infrastructure must be installed at every dock a route serves.