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Traditional pottery making relies on two contrasting shaping methods: wheel-throwing and hand-building. Wheel-throwing uses centrifugal force from a spinning wheel to pull a lump of clay upward and outward into symmetrical forms such as bowls and vases, a technique that demands considerable practice to master centering the clay before shaping can begin. Hand-building, by contrast, encompasses coiling, pinching, and slab construction, none of which require a wheel, allowing potters to create asymmetrical or sculptural pieces that would be difficult to achieve through throwing alone. Kilns then fire the shaped clay at high temperatures, fusing its particles into a durable ceramic body. Glazes, typically composed of silica, fluxes, and colorants, are often applied before this firing so that they melt into a glassy, waterproof coating fused permanently to the surface.