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Contemporary stadium design has moved away from the fully enclosed bowl shape common in mid-twentieth-century venues, favoring open corners and partial roofs that allow natural light and airflow onto the pitch. Architects note that grass surfaces struggle to grow under permanent shade, so venues intended to host both concerts and matches on natural turf need larger unroofed gaps than purely ceremonial stadiums do. Retractable roofs were developed partly to address this tension, letting operators expose the field to sunlight between events while still offering weather protection during a match. However, retractable systems add substantial mechanical complexity and cost, which is why many mid-sized stadiums instead choose a fixed partial roof that shields spectators while leaving the playing surface open to the sky.